Low-Cost and Eco-Friendly Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cephalexin Removal

This work describes the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HAP) preparation from eggshell waste and their application as an adsorbent for Cephalexin (Ceph) antibiotic removal aqueous solutions. Chemical precipitation with phosphoric acid was used to evaluate feasibility of calcium oxide HAP preparation. The structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, which revealed formation crystalline phase formation. In addition, transmitting electron spectroscopy showed irregular shape a variation in size. impact various experimental conditions on efficiency such solution’s pH, contact time, mass, solution temperature, Ceph concentration studied. Experimental data that could remove most species solutions within 1 h at pH = 7 70.70% adsorption utilizing 50 mg HAP. process kinetically investigated using kinetic models, results suitability pseudo-second-order model description. Moreover, thermodynamically investigated; spontaneous endothermic related randomness increase. confirmed had high removing antibiotics solution.